Second-generation and third-generation cellular networks are either already shut
down or in the process of being shut down in many countries. 2G and 3G standards
are being superseded by LTE (4G) and 5G equivalents, which offer more features and
bandwidth. 2G shutdown poses challenges, as in many cases it was a “fallback” option
for applications with weaker coverage in rural and sparsely populated areas. The maps
in Figures 1 and 2, below, show the completed, in-progress, and planned shutdowns of
2G and 3G.
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